The mayor of Toronto is elected by direct popular vote to serve as the chief executive of the city. While the majority of Torontonians speak English as their primary language, over 160 languages are spoken in the city. More than 50 percent of residents belong to a visible minority population group, and over 200 distinct ethnic origins are represented among its inhabitants. The diverse population of Toronto reflects its current and historical role as an important destination for immigrants to Canada. The city proper has since expanded past its original limits through both annexation and amalgamation to its current area of 630.2 km 2 (243.3 sq mi). It was designated as the capital of the province of Ontario in 1867 during Canadian Confederation. York was renamed and incorporated in 1834 as the city of Toronto. During the War of 1812, the town was the site of the Battle of York and suffered heavy damage by American troops. After the broadly disputed Toronto Purchase, when the Mississauga surrendered the area to the British Crown, the British established the town of York in 1793 and later designated it as the capital of Upper Canada. Indigenous peoples have travelled through and inhabited the Toronto area, located on a broad sloping plateau interspersed with rivers, deep ravines, and urban forest, for more than 10,000 years. Toronto is an international centre of business, finance, arts, and culture, and is recognized as one of the most multicultural and cosmopolitan cities in the world. The city is the anchor of the Golden Horseshoe, an urban agglomeration of 9,765,188 people (as of 2021) surrounding the western end of Lake Ontario, while the Greater Toronto Area proper had a 2021 population of 6,712,341. With a recorded population of 2,794,356 in 2021, it is the most populous city in Canada and the fourth most populous city in North America. Toronto ( / t ə ˈ r ɒ n t oʊ/ ( listen) tə- RON-toh, locally / t ə ˈ r ɒ n t ə/ ( listen) tə- RON-tə or / ˈ t r ɒ n t ə/ TRON-tə) is the capital city of the Canadian province of Ontario. Toronto Pearson International Airport, Billy Bishop Toronto City AirportĢA, 27, 400, 401, 404, 409, 427, Black Creek Drive, Allen Road, Don Valley Parkway, Gardiner Expressway, Queen Elizabeth Wayīlack Creek, Burke Brook, Don River, Etobicoke Creek, German Mills Creek, Humber River, Keating Channel, Mimico Creek, Rouge River, Taylor-Massey Creek

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